Institutions will have a grace period of six months to comply with the new regulations. In accordance with the Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001, individuals or institutions who are deemed non-compliant are liable to either: a fine not exceeding one million ringgit, imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or both.[1]
“The clock has already started ticking as institutions have an incredibly short time frame in which to construct a solid AML/CFT framework,” said Khurram Pirzada, Executive Director of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Sanctions practice at KPMG in Malaysia. “This includes time needed for a retrospective implementation, lest institutions risk compromising their operations or effectiveness in mitigating risks and exposure to money laundering and terrorism financing (ML/TF).”
Regulators have expressed an increased readiness to pursue and impose tougher penalties on financial institutions for regulatory breaches. Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) has recently stated that beyond using enforcement levers to deal with instances of non-compliance, they have also taken to publishing actions taken against financial institutions for non-compliance of rules under their purview[2].
The new guideline aims to push institutions into taking greater ownership of their AML/CFT controls by moving towards a principle-based application in assessing and setting their own criteria to combat any risks. Though this provides more flexibility for reporting institutions when implementing controls, it can also pose as a challenge for smaller institutions, or small-sized Reporting Institutions (SRIs)[3], who may have little to no AML/CFT controls in place.
“Institutions should not underestimate how extensive the remediation of their AML/CFT framework can be. Even bigger, more established, institutions may need at least three months just to revamp their policies. But beyond this, institutions must acknowledge that non-compliance increases the risk of which they could unintentionally facilitate ML/TF activities. This itself could result in substantial financial loss and damage to their reputation,” cautioned Khurram.
Khurram further recommends all institutions, regardless of size, to begin with an initial risk assessment to determine any risks they may have as the first step towards building a robust AML/CFT framework.
“Institutions can formulate a list of priorities by first identifying any underlying risk issues in their business practices. This will then enable them to implement appropriate, and sustainable, controls to manage these risks and ensure regulatory compliance. They can also consider approaching professionals who can best guide them and assist in optimizing their compliance costs.” he advised.
This amendment represents strong strides in a positive direction by BNM to curb money laundering and is in line with international standards set by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Besides Malaysia, countries worldwide have intensified efforts to develop sustainable and robust AML/CFT regimes that can effectively respond to new and emerging risks and vulnerabilities.
The exposure draft is expected to replace the current AML/CFT regulations for Sectors 1 to 5 with two regulatory documents, capturing institutions into two different categories: Financial Institutions (FI), and Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (DNFBPs & NBFIs).
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